ARTICLE PDFS HERE:
Experimental-evidence-that-exerting-effort-increases-meaning
Third-party-evaluators-perceive-AI-as-more-compassionate-than-expert-humans
A-positive-empathy-intervention-to-improve-well-being-on-Instagram
People-are-increasingly-bored-in-our-digital-age
Chronic-cannabis-use-in-everyday-life
An-experimental-manipulation-of-the-value-of-effort
Empowering-students-to-achieve-their-device-use-goals
Twitter-use-predicts-substantial-changes
In-search-of-construct-validity
Modulating-preferences-during-intertemporal-choices
Induced-compliance-paradigm-of-cognitive-dissonance
What-constitutes-succesful-goal-pursuit
Echo-tunnels-polarized-news-sharing
Characterizing-the-role-of-impulsivity
Expecting-tasks-to-help-or-hurt
Do-humans-prefer-cognitive-effort-over-doing-nothing
Reliability-of-the-empathy-selection-task
Adult-Age-Differences-in-real-life-Empathy
Expectations-of-reward-and-efficacy
Experience-of-empathy-in-everyday-life
Do-early-birds-share-their-worms
Paradigmatic-test-of-the-ego-depletion-effect
Promises-and-perils-of-experimentation
Publication-bias-in-the-relationship-between-anxiety-and-the-error-related-negativity
Motivational-effects-on-empathic-choices
Do-People-Avoid-Mental-Effort-After-Facing-a-Highly-Demanding-Task
Integrating-models-of-self-regulation
Self-report-and-behavioral-measures
Strong-effort-manipulations-reduce-response-caution
Past-present-future-of-ego-depletion
Supplement-empathy-is-hard-work
Reported-self-control-is-not-meaningfully-associated-with-inhibition-related-executive-function
The-misattribution-of-emotions-and-the-error-related-negativity-a-registered-report
Electrophysiological-indices-of-anterior-cingulate-cortex-function
Development-of-a-within-subject-repeated-measures-ego-depletion-paradigm
Reward-sensitivity-following-boredom-and-cognitive-effort
The-effort-paradox-effort-is-both-costly-and-valued
Interpersonal-touch-enhances-cognitive-control
Registered-Replication-Report-Dijksterhuis-van-Knippenberg-1998
Anticipating-cognitive-effort-roles-of-perceived-error-likelihood-and-time-demands
Midfrontal-theta-and-pupil-dilation-parametrically-track-subjective-conflict-but-also-surprise
Pre-registered-naturalistic-observation-of-within-domain-mental-fatigue
People-work-less-hard-for-others
Rituals-decrease-the-neural-response-to-performance-failure
Stability-and-reliability-of-error-related-electromyography
Self-control-as-value-based-choice
When-novel-rituals-impact-intergroup-bias
The-emotive-nature-of-conflict-monitoring-in-the-medial-prefronta-cortex
Whats-so-great-about-self-control
Owning-up-to-negative-ingroup-traits
The-mere-presence-of-an-outgroup-member-disrupts-the-brains-feedback-monitoring-system
Bias-correction-techniques-alone-cannot-determine-whether-ego-depletion-is-different-from-zero
The-central-governor-model-of-exercise-regulation-teaches-us-precious-little
A-brief-overview-of-social-neuroscience
Attentional-and-motivational-mechanisms-of-self-control
Supplemental-a-multi-lab-pre-registered-replication-of-the-ego-depletion-effect
A-multi-lab-pre-registered-replication-of-the-ego-depletion-effect
How-mindfulness-enhances-self-control
Acetaminophen-attenuates-error-evaluation-in-cortex
Political-conservatism-and-brain-responsivity-to-emotional-and-neutral-stimuli
No-evidence-that-gratitude-enhances-neural-performance-monitoring-or-conflict-driven-control
Proximate-and-ultimate-causes-of-ego-depletion
Error-related-electromyographic-activity-over-the-corrugator-supercilii
right-frontal-cortical-asymmetry-predicts-increased-proneness-to-nostalgia
mindful-awareness-of-feelings-increases-neural-performance-monitoring
six-questions-for-the-resource-model-of-control
what-does-cognitive-control-feel-like
preferences-and-motivations-with-and-without-inferences
a-threatening-intellectual-environment
gender-differences-in-response-to-physical-and-social-factors-involved-in-human-mate-selection
improving-adolescents-standardized-test-performance
do-high-achieving-female-students-underperform-in-private
the-ups-and-downs-of-attributional-ambiguity
how-environments-threaten-academic-performance-self-knowledge-and-sense-of-belonging
a-particular-resiliency-to-threatening-environments
the-neuroscience-of-stigma-and-stereotype-threat
stereotype-threat-and-executive-resource-depletion
on-being-the-target-of-prejudice
threat-high-self-esteem-and-reactive-approach-motivation
neural-markers-of-religious-conviction
social-neuroscience-and-public-policy-on-intergroup-relations
error-related-negativity-predicts-academic-performance
how-does-the-self-control-itself
line-bisection-as-a-neural-marker-of-approach-motivation
stereotype-threat-spillover-how-coping-with-threat
trait-approach-motivation-relates-to-dissonance-reduction
are-we-more-moral-than-we-think
active-transgressions-and-moral-elusions
confronting-threats-to-meaning
ironic-effects-of-anti-prejudice-messages
stereotype-threat-spillover-the-short-and-long-term-effects-of-coping
intergroup-differences-in-the-sharing-of-emotive-states
understanding-all-inconsistency-compensation-as-a-palliative-response-to-violated-expectations
approach-related-left-prefrontal-eeg-asymmetry-predicts-muted-error-related-negativity
right-frontal-cortical-asymmetry-predicts-empathic-reactions
toward-a-biological-understanding-of-mortality-salience
moderated-disanxiousuncertlibrium
the-five-As-of-meaning-maintenance
preserving-integrity-in-the-face-of-performance-threat
neural-and-motivational-mechanics-of-meaning-and-threat
using-eeg-mu-suppression-to-explore-group-biases-in-motor-resonance
incidental-and-integral-effects-of-emotions-on-self-control
dispositional-mindfulness-and-the-attenuation-of-neural-responses-to-emotional-stimuli
meditation-mindfulness-and-executive-control
self-determination-self-regulation-and-the-brain
beyond-simple-utility-in-predicting-self-control-fatigue
preliminary-support-for-a-generalized-arousal-model-of-political-conservatism
a-neuroaffective-perspective-on-why-people-fail-to-live-a-sustainable-lifestyle
no-pain-no-gain-how-distress-underlies-effective-self-control
power-changes-how-the-brain-responds-to-others
mindful-acceptance-dampens-neuroaffective-reactions-to-external-and-rewarding-performance-feedback
confounding-valence-and-arousal
stereotype-threat-spillover-why-stereotype-threat-is-more-useful-for-organizations-that-it-seems
supplemental-do-needs-for-security-and-certainty-predict-cultural-and-economic-conservatism
do-needs-for-security-and-certainty-predict-cultural-and-economic-conservatism
system-justification-and-electrophysiological-responses-to-feedback
muted-neural-response-to-distress-among-securely-attached-people
emotion-down-regulation-diminishes-cognitive-control
why-self-control-seems-but-may-not-be-limited
exploring-the-mechanisms-of-self-control-improvement
how-emotions-shape-moral-behavior
neurophysiological-responses-to-gun-shooting-errors
variation-in-cognitive-control-as-emotion-regulation
emotional-foundations-of-cognitive-control
the-neuroscience-of-ego-depletion-or
is-dissonance-reduction-a-special-case-of-fluid-compensation
recognizing-religions-dark-side
News PDFs
study-women-score-higher-on-math-exams-when-men-not-present
study-finds-women-test-better-in-math-without-men
minus-men-women-test-better-in-math
applied-psycholgy-study-shows-college-women-perform-lower-on-math-tests-when-in-the-minority
college-women-underperform-on-tests-when-in-the-minority
study-math-stigma-environmental
why-its-impossible-for-some-to-just-say-no
prejudice-fit-for-survival-or-ripe-for-extinction
religion-helps-beat-stress-study-finds
believers-stay-calmer-than-atheists-in-trying-situations
stressed-out-have-a-little-faith
this-is-your-brain-on-religion
people-with-faith-less-likely-to-panic-under-pressure
how-nonsense-sharpens-the-intellect
study-shows-our-brain-reacts-differently-to-people-of-different-race-ethnicity
brain-responds-to-racial-difference
brain-responds-to-racial-difference-study-gazette
study-links-brain-function-to-feelings-toward-races
the-roots-of-racism-are-in-our-brains
brain-blanks-out-when-viewing-other-races
is-religion-the-xanax-of-the-masses
god-as-drug-religion-takes-sting-out-of-living
thinking-about-god-reduces-distress
exposure-to-prejudice-may-cause-aggression-overeating
negative-stereotypes-stick-with-you
victims-of-stereotyping-prone-to-over-eating
stereotyping-has-negative-impact-on-performance
unhealthy-treatment-makes-for-unhealthy-habits
stereotyping-effects-linger-studies-find
talking-to-yourself-a-sign-of-madness
het-nut-van-tegen-jezelf-praten-is-ontdekt
self-talk-can-help-self-control
inner-voice-helps-us-exercise-self-control
lying-and-cheating-easier-if-you-dont-have-to-make-an-effort-study
liars-cheaters-essentially-lazy
underestimating-how-moral-we-are
emotions-drive-decision-making-study-finds
emotions-play-strong-role-in-cheating-study-finds
are-we-more-or-less-moral-than-we-think
people-more-likely-to-act-morally-than-they-imagine
emotions-drive-decision-making-edmonton
equal-rights-organizations-can-encourage-bigotry
anti-prejudice-campaigns-increase-bias
telling-people-not-to-be-racist-fails
self-interest-touted-to-combat-racism
why-trying-not-to-be-prejudiced-backfires
mimicry-reduces-racial-prejudice
the-marshmallow-test-holds-firm
how-not-to-cope-with-a-personal-insult
if-i-gain-weight-will-she-still-love-me
how-to-strengthen-your-willpower
confessions-of-an-email-addict
meditators-more-aware-of-uh-oh-moments
is-self-control-a-limited-resource
ego-depletion-motivation-and-attention
self-affirmation-makes-us-receptive-to-our-mistakes
self-affirmation-lets-people-correct-errors
when-you-screw-up-affirm-your-self-worth
racial-profiling-implicit-bias-and-the-martin-zimmerman-case
when-power-goes-to-your-head-it-may-shut-out-your-heart
wie-willenskraft-erfolgreich-macht
the-mind-of-a-furloughed-worker
mindful-people-less-affected-by-immediate-rewards
Mindfulness Could Makeyou-less-swayed-by-immediate-rewards
self-control-is-within-our-teach-even-when-we-re-tired
key-to-boosting-self-control-is-finding-pleasure-in-productive-activities
the-trick-that-will-help-you-eat-healthier
finding-pleasure-in-chores-may-boost-self-control
aid-for-somali-students-divides-parents
is-wilskracht-een-kwestie-vansuiker
can-you-boost-your-self-control
self-control-sure-if-its-a-pleasure
the-paradox-of-the-free-market-liberal
scientists-seek-religious-experience–in-subjects-brains
how-religion-can-move-us-to-do-terrible-things
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News
A 28-year-old woman with a busy social life spends hours on end talking to her A.I. boyfriend for advice and consolation. And yes, they do have sex.
Michael Inzlicht, a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto, said people were more willing to share private information with a bot than with a human being. Generative A.I. chatbots, in turn, respond more empathetically than humans do. In a recent study, he found that ChatGPT’s responses were more compassionate than those from crisis line responders, who are experts in empathy. He said that a relationship with an A.I. companion could be beneficial, but that the long-term effects needed to be studied.
“If we become habituated to endless empathy and we downgrade our real friendships, and that’s contributing to loneliness — the very thing we’re trying to solve — that’s a real potential problem,” he said.
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Understanding the effort paradox can help you reshape your relationship to exertion so that you commit to those hard but truly meaningful activities
“On the one hand, effort is costly,” says Michael Inzlicht, a psychologist at the University of Toronto, Canada. “On the other hand, it looks like we tend to value those things that we exerted effort for.” In a seminal 2018 paper, he and his colleagues dubbed this apparent conflict the “effort paradox”. Since then, psychologists have been figuring out the origins of the effort paradox and why some of us struggle with tasks that others might find easy. What they are finding is offering fresh insights not only into how you can get off the couch and into your running shoes, but also how you can learn more effectively, better empathise with others and even cultivate a more meaningful life. “[It seems] that if we can become…
Collaborators
- Joshua Aronson, New York University
- Avi Ben-Zeev, San Francisco State University
- Elliot Berkman, University of Oregon
- Kirk Brown, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Daryl Cameron, Penn State University
- Belle Derks, Utrecht University
- Jennifer Gutsell, Brandeis University
- Greg Hajcak, Florida State University
- Eddie Harmon-Jones, University of New South Wales
- Jacob Hirsh, University of Toronto
- Cendri Hutcherson, University of Toronto
- Sonia Kang, University of Toronto
- Michael Larson, Brigham Young University
- Lisa Legault, Clarkson University
- Ian McGregor, University of Waterloo
- Marina Milyavskaya, Carleton University
- Sukhvinder Obhi, McMaster University
- Liz Page-Gould, University of Toronto
- Travis Proulx, Cardiff University
- Blair Saunders, University of Dundee
- Brandon Schmeichel, Texas A&M University
- Zindel Segal, University of Toronto
- Alexa Tullett, University of Alabama
University of Toronto
Organizations
- Association for Psychological Science
- Canadian Psychological Association
- Canada Foundation for Innovation
- International Social Cognition Network
- International Society for Research on Emotion
- National Academy of Education
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Social and Affective Neuroscience Society
- Social Psychology Network
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council
- Society for Personality and Social Psychology
- Society for Psychophysiological Research
- Spencer Foundation
University of Toronto professor Michael Inzlicht wanted to find out who's better at empathic responses: people, or ChatGPT. He explains to CBC Metro Morning how AI won the empathy contest.
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